Monitoring of nitrate concentrations in the groundwater will be carried out on specific areas and pilot farms, identified in Task 3.1. In fact, maps will be developed to identify the ‘critical’ areas on which to carry out the biomolecular study of groundwater (Task 3.3). Sampling sites will then be identified and specific ‘pilot farms’ and crops (representative of the reference areas) will be selected. Furthermore, the production systems will be characterized from an agronomic point of view (crops, wells, soil, agro-technical).